PENGGUNAAN MODEL EAO UNTUK MERAMALKAN HASRAT BEKERJA SENDIRI DALAM KALANGAN BELIA DI NEGERI SABAH
USING EAO MODEL TO PREDICT THE SELF-EMPLOYMENT INTENTIONS AMONG YOUTH IN SABAH
Keywords:
Keusahawanan, pekerja gig, penciptaan kerja, Entrepreneurship, employment, gig worker, job creation, future career, EAO Model.Abstract
Abstrak Golongan belia di negara ini memberi sumbangan yang signifikan kepada pembangunan sosio-ekonomi dan seterusnya menjadi penyumbang kepada kelestarian negara. Walau bagaimanapun, golongan ini tidak terkecuali berdepan dengan pelbagai isu khususnya berkaitan dengan pembangunan kerjaya masing-masing seperti pengangguran, ketepuan pasaran buruh dalam sektor formal, ketidakpadanan pekerjaan dan tahap pendidikan serta kemiskinan telah menjadi isu yang kompleks. Salah satu alternatif yang disarankan oleh pengkaji lepas adalah bekerja sendiri dan telah mendapat perhatian dan sokongan daripada pelbagai pihak. Namun, kerjaya ini masih lagi belum mendapat tempat sepenuhnya dalam kalangan belia kerana dalam konteks ini, peranan hasrat untuk bekerja sendiri adalah aspek yang sangat penting sebelum seseorang individu memulakan usaha untuk bekerja sendiri. Terdapat pelbagai faktor yang boleh mempengaruhi hasrat untuk bekerja sendiri termasuklah faktor sikap yang telah menjadi faktor yang penting dalam menentukan hasrat untuk bekerja sendiri. Oleh itu, kajian ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk menilai empat dimensi berkaitan dengan faktor sikap yang boleh mempengaruhi hasrat untuk bekerja sendiri. Dengan menggunakan model Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation (EAO), kajian tinjauan telah dilaksanakan ke atas 101 orang belia di negeri Sabah untuk mengkaji hubungan antara empat dimensi model EAO (pencapaian, inovasi, kawalan kendiri dan penghargaan kendiri) dengan hasrat untuk bekerja sendiri. Soal selidik telah diedarkan secara dalam talian kepada belia-belia yang terpilih dalam kajian ini dan analisis data menggunakan perisian SPSS (versi 29) telah dilaksanakan iaitu ujian deskriptif dan inferensi. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan dua dimensi EAO ini mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan terhadap hasrat untuk bekerja sendiri iaitu dimensi pencapaian dan penghargaan kendiri, manakala dimensi inovasi dan kawalan kendiri didapati tidak mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan hasrat untuk bekerja sendiri. Secara keseluruhan, dapatan kajian ini memberikan satu sumbangan yang penting untuk mempromosikan dan menghasilkan imej bekerja sendiri yang positif sebagai kerjaya pilihan para belia.
Abstract Youth in this country make significant contributions to the socio-economic development and further contribute to sustainability of the country. However, the youth is no exception to face various issues in regard to their career development such as unemployment, labour market saturation in formal sector, job and education level mismatch and poverty has become complex issues. One of the alternatives suggested by past researchers is self employment and has received the interest and support from various parties. However, this career is yet to gain place among the youth because in this context, the role of intention to self employment is a crucial aspect before an individual begins the effort to work for themselves. There are multiple factors that could influence the intention to self employment including attitude factor that has been an important factor in determine the intention to self employment. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess four dimensions related to attitute factors that may influence the intention toself employment. By using the Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation (EAO) Model, survey study was executed on 101 youth in Sabah to study the relationship between four dimensions of EAO Model (achievement, innovation, perceived personal control and perceived self-esteem) with the intention to self employment. Questionnaires was distributed via online to the youths selected in this study and data analysis was conducted using SPSS software (version 29) consists of descriptive and inferential analysis. The findings of the study show that the two dimensions of EAO have a significant relationship towards the intentions self employment which are the achievement and self-esteem, while dimension of innovation and perceived personal control are found to have no significant relationship with the intention to self employment. Overall, research findings in this study provide an important contribution to promote and produce a positive image of self employment as a career path for youth.
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