Wanita Menurut Taklif: Satu Analisis terhadap Watak Fatimah dalam Cerpen “Perempuan Gusti†dan “Fatimah Kahwin†Karya Hamzah Hussin Women According to Taklif: An Analysis on the Role of Fatimah in Hamzah Hussin’s Short Stories “Perempuan Gusti†and “Fatimah Kahwinâ€
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51200/manu.v25i.760Keywords:
Hamzah Hussin, wanita, Persuratan Baru, Taklif, cerpen. Hamzah Hussin, women, short story.Abstract
Artikel ini membangkitkan tentang kecenderungan cerpen-cerpen Hamzah Hussin terhadap persoalan wanita. Kecenderungan ini tidak pula disambut dengan kajian ilmiah yang meluas tentang wanita dalam cerpen-cerpen Hamzah Hussin. Kajian Membunga@Siti Meriam Yaacob (2005 & 2010) memberikan fokus terhadap wanita dalam karya-karya Hamzah Hussin, serta membandingkannya dengan karya-karya Keris Mas. Dengan menerapkan teori feminisme, kajian Membunga@Siti Meriam Yaacob antara lain memperakukan watak Fatimah dalam cerpen-cerpen Hamzah Hussin sebagai manifestasi kemodenan wanita Melayu. Dalam konteks penerapan teori feminisme dan hasilnya, Mohd Affandi Hassan (2012) antara lain membahaskan tentang kesesuaian teori Barat itu (feminisme) dalam pengkajian karya sastera Melayu. Ungku Maimunah Mohd. Tahir dan Zulkarnain Mohamed (2013) merumuskan bahawa penerapan feminisme “tanpa berhati-hati dan penuh hemah†(istilah mereka sendiri) boleh menghasilkan kesimpulan yang mengelirukan tentang Islam dan budaya Melayu. Dengan kata lain, ketiga-tiga sarjana ini menuntut supaya pengkajian tentang wanita dalam karya-karya sastera Melayu mengguna pakai satu kerangka yang berteraskan Islam. Sejajar dengan tuntutan ini, artikel ini diusahakan bagi menganalisis dan seterusnya merumuskan tentang manifestasi watak Fatimah dalam dua cerpen Hamzah Hussin, iaitu “Perempuan Gusti†(1951) dan “Fatimah Kahwin†(1951) berdasarkan prinsip Taklif. Untuk tujuan itu, artikel ini menerapkan gagasan Persuratan Baru, iaitu satu kerangka analisis yang berteraskan Islam dan memanfaatkan Taklif (dalam ajaran Islam) sebagai prinsipnya. Dengan menerapkan gagasan Persuratan Baru, analisis ini merumuskan bahawa watak Fatimah dalam kedua-dua cerpen Hamzah Hussin yang dikaji, hadir sebagai manifestasi wanita Melayu yang menyanggah syariat Islam.
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This article raises the question on the inclination of Hamzah Hussin’s short stories on women’s issues. This inclination has not been extensively researched in the short stories of Hamzah Hussin. Currently, Membunga@Siti Meriam Yaacob (2005 & 2010) is the only study that focused on women in the works of Hamzah Hussin which compared them with the works of Keris Mas. By applying the theory of feminism, Membunga@Siti Meriam Yaacob’s study recognizes the character of Fatimah in Hamzah Hussin’s short stories as a manifestation of the modernity of Malay women. In the context of the application of feminist theory, Mohd Affandi Hassan (2012) debated the relevance of the Western theory (feminism) in the research of Malay literary works. Ungku Maimunah Mohd. Tahir and Zulkarnain Mohamed (2013) deduced by using their own terms that the implementation of feminism “without prudence and sufficient consideration†can cause misleading perception about Islam and the Malay culture. In other words, all three scholars have demanded the implementation of Islamic-based framework in the study of women in Malay literary works. Along with this claim, this article works on analysing and deducing the manifestation of the character of Fatimah in these two short stories of Hamzah Hussin, named “Perempuan Gusti†(1951) and “Fatimah Kahwin†(1951), based on the principle of Taklif. Therefore, this article applies the idea of ‘Persuratan Baru’ which is an Islamic-based analytical framework that uses Taklif in Islamic teaching as the principle. By implementing the idea of ‘Persuratan Baru’, this analysis has concluded that the character of Fatimah in both short stories authored by Hamzah Hussin is a manifestation of a Malay woman in opposition to the Islamic teaching.
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