PEMETAAN GUNA TANAH DAN LITUPAN TANAH DI LAHAD DATU, SABAH.
MAPPING OF PALM REPLANTATION IN LAHAD DATU, SABAH.
Keywords:
Pemetaan, guna tanah, pertanian, data spatial, Lahad Datu, Mapping, land use, agriculture, spatial data.Abstract
ABSTRAK Pertumbuhan guna tanah di setiap kawasan akan sentiasa mengalami perubahan akibat daripada aktiviti antropogenik. Kehilangan biodiversiti global yang merupakan satu punca utama menyebabkan perubahan ketara terhadap guna tanah dan tutupan tanah di permukaan bumi berpunca daripada aktiviti manusia itu sendiri. Perubahan ini juga memberi kesan kepada suhu kawasan, hidupan liar, sumber air, dan kualiti hidup manusia. Seperti yang diketahui Asia Tenggara kaya dengan sumber hutan yang dijadikan sebagai sumber ekonomi negara. Memandangkan pertanian dan keselamatan makanan saling berkait antara satu sama lain, industri ini menyumbang besar kepada terhadap pertumbuhan Keluaran Dalam Negara Kasar negara yang mana sumbangan utamanya daripada keluasan tanah negara yang kaya dengan biodiversiti. Dalam kajian ini, teknik geospatial digunakan untuk menilai aktiviti guna tanah khususnya berkaitan dengan pertanian di Lahad Datu, dengan menggunakan imej Landsat dan teknik klasifikasi berasaskan objek untuk mengenal pasti jenis dan fungsi kawasan. Matlamat kajian ini adalah untuk menilai aktiviti guna tanah di Lahad Datu berkaitan dengan hubungan antara pertanian, corak landskap dan peranan jenis tanah. Hasil kajian menunjukkan kawasan Lahad Datu didominasi oleh hutan (61%) dan pertanian (35%), dengan baki kawasan terdiri daripada pembangunan (1%), tanah tandus (2%), dan sungai (1%). Kajian mendapati faktor kesesuaian tanah dan ciri fizikal seperti kecerunan, ketinggian, dan penerimaan cahaya matahari mempengaruhi produktiviti pertanian. Manakala bagi hasil pendigitalan bagi kawasan Lahad Datu pula menunjukkan 59% tanah sesuai untuk pertanian dengan kecerunan kurang daripada 25 darjah yang boleh mengurangkan risiko hakisan dan hanya 10% jenis tanah tidak sesuai untuk aktiviti pertanian. Hasil kajian ini dapat menyokong perancangan strategik dalam penggunaan tanah, pengurusan sumber alam serta penggubalan dasar yang lebih efektif untuk pembangunan lestari. Melalui analisis yang dilakukan, ia dapat menyediakan asas bagi tindakan dalam pengurusan pertanian dan perlindungan alam sekitar dengan tujuan meningkatkan ketahanan ekosistem dan kesejahteraan masyarakat setempat.
ABSTRACT The growth of land use in each area will always experience changes due to anthropogenic activities. The global loss of biodiversity, which is a major cause, leads to significant changes in land use and land cover on the Earth's surface, stemming from human activities themselves. These changes also affect the area's temperature, wildlife, water resources, and human quality of life. As is known, Southeast Asia is rich in forest resources that are used as a source of the country's economy. Considering that agriculture and food security are interconnected, this industry significantly contributes to the growth of the country's Gross Domestic Product, with its main contribution coming from the vast land area rich in biodiversity. In this study, geospatial techniques were used to assess land use activities specifically related to agriculture in Lahad Datu, utilizing Landsat images and object-based classification techniques to identify the types and functions of areas. The aim of this study is to assess land use activities in Lahad Datu in relation to the relationship between agriculture, landscape patterns, and the role of soil types. The study results show that the Lahad Datu area is dominated by forests (61%) and agriculture (35%), with the remaining area consisting of development (1%), barren land (2%), and rivers (1%). The study found that soil suitability factors and physical characteristics such as slope, elevation, and sunlight exposure influence agricultural productivity. Meanwhile, the results of the digitalization for the Lahad Datu area show that 59% of the land is suitable for agriculture with a slope of less than 25 degrees, which can reduce the risk of erosion, and only 10% of the land is unsuitable for agricultural activities. The results of this study can support strategic planning in land use, natural resource management, and the formulation of more effective policies for sustainable development. Through the analysis conducted, it can provide a foundation for actions in agricultural management and environmental protection with the aim of enhancing ecosystem resilience and the well-being of local communities.
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