PENGHAPUSAN PERHAMBAAN DI BORNEO UTARA SELEPAS TAHUN 1881
Abolition of Slavery in North Borneo After 1881
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51200/jba.v7i1.1180Keywords:
Perhambaan, SBBU, Borneo Utara, peribumi, dasar, slavery, North Borneo, native, policyAbstract
Perhambaan mempunyai fungsi yang sangat signifikan kepada manusia seiring dengan peredaran zaman, Masyarakat peribumi di Borneo Utara juga tidak terlepas dari pengalaman sistem tersebut yang berakhir selepas kedatangan Syarikat Berpiagam Borneo Utara (SBBU) pada tahun 1881. Perhambaan dalam konteks masyarakat di Borneo Utara mempengaruhi banyak aspek, khususnya dalam sosiopolitik dan juga sosioekonomi mereka. Selain berfungsi sebagai buruh atau tenaga kerja, kewujudan hamba dapat melambangkan status, kuasa, pengaruh dan identiti masyarakat yang mengamalkannya seperti suku kaum Suluk, Bajau, Iranum dan Melayu Brunei. Malah, dalam konteks Borneo Utara juga memperlihatkan hamba berperanan sebagai fungsi dalam aktiviti sosial masyarakat tradisional, yakni sebagai trofi, berian ataupun korban dalam suatu upacara dan ritual bagi suku kaum seperti Murut, Kadazan, Dusun dan Rundum. Oleh itu, artikel ini akan memperincikan dasar dan tindakan yang dilakukan oleh SBBU dalam menghapuskan amalan tersebut di Borneo Utara. SBBU melihat perhambaan sebagai suatu tradisi yang tidak berperikemanusiaan, serta bertentangan dengan perjuangan mereka yang mengangkat nilai-nilai kemanusiaan dan moral masyarakat. Usaha ini adalah selaras dengan tuntutan Piagam Diraja dan menjadi suatu anjakan untuk merubah dan memodenkan aspek sosial masyarakat di Borneo Utara. Justeru, artikel ini secara lanjut akan membincangkan lagi bagaimana dasar penghapusan tersebut dilaksanakan menerusi dasar dan undang-undang SBBU sehingga aktiviti perhambaan terhapus sepenuhnya di Borneo Utara.
Slavery has a very significant function for humans for centuries, and the indigenous people in North Borneo are also not exempt from the system which ended after the arrival of the North Borneo Chartered Company (SBBU) in 1881. Slavery in North Borneo affected many aspects, especially in their socio-political and socio-economic. In addition to functioning as labor or workforce, the existence of slaves can symbolize the status, power, influence and identity of the communities that practicing it such as the Suluk, Bajau, Iranun and Malay tribes of Brunei. In fact, slaves play a big role in the social activities of traditional societies such as trophies, gifts or sacrifices in a ceremony, also functioning as sacrifice in ritual for tribes such as Murut, Kadazan, Dusun, and Rundum. Therefore, this article will detail the policies and actions taken by SBBU in abolition the practice of slavery in North Borneo. SBBU sees slavery as an inhumane tradition, as well as against their struggle to uphold the humane and moral values of society. This effort is in line with the demands of the Royal Charter and is a move to change and modernize the social aspects of society in North Borneo. This article will further discuss how the abolition policy is implemented through SBBU policies and laws until slavery activities are completely eradicated in North Borneo.
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