DASAR DAN KARAKTER PEMERINTAHAN KESULTANAN SULU DALAM MENGUASAI EKONOMI MARITIM DI LAUT SULU SEBELUM ABAD KE-19
The Policy and Character of The Government of The Sultanate Sulu in Dominating The Maritime Economy in The Sulu Sea Before The 19th Century
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51200/jba.v7i1.4220Keywords:
Dasar dan karakter, Kesultanan Sulu, ekonomi maritime, policy and character, Sultanate of Sulu, maritime economyAbstract
Makalah ini membincangkan tentang dasar dan karakter pemerintahan Kesultanan Sulu dalam menguasai ekonomi maritim di Laut Sulu sebelum abad ke-19. Perbincangan ini memfokuskan kepada dua aspek, iaitu pertama untuk merungkai semula dasar dan karakter Kesultanan Sulu dalam memanfaatkan Laut Sulu sebagai sumber ekonomi utama mereka. Kedua, untuk membuktikan bahawa aspek dasar dan karakter pemerintah sebagai faktor utama yang menentukan kejayaan penguasaan ekonomi maritim. Makalah ini menggunakan pendekatan sejarah dan kaedah kualitatif dalam mendapatkan sumber penulisan yang terdiri daripada sumber primer dan sumber sekunder. Hasil makalah ini mendapati bahawa terdapat empat dasar yang dilaksanakan untuk menguasai Laut Sulu, iaitu dasar pengawalan ekonomi (untuk menghubungkan Laut China Selatan-Laut Sulu), melebarkan wilayah perdagangan, agenda ekonomi berasaskan sumber laut dan aktiviti rompakan dan pemburuan hamba. Semua dasar ini memperlihatkan karakter pemerintah yang menitikberatkan ekonomi maritim berbanding dengan ekonomi tanah daratan. Apa yang menentukan kejayaan Kesultanan Sulu dalam menguasai ekonomi Laut Sulu sebenarnya adalah disebabkan oleh dasar dan karakter ini sehingga dikenali sebagai sebuah kerajaan maritim yang berpengaruh dan disegani di rantau Alam Melayu.
This paper discusses the principles and character of the Sulu Sultanate’s rule in controlling the maritime economy in the Sulu Sea before the 19th century. This discussion focuses on two aspects, the first is to unravel the policy and character of the Sulu Sultanate in utilizing the Sulu Sea as their main economic resource. Second, to prove that aspects of the government’s policy and character are the main factors that determine the success of maritime economic dominance. This paper uses a historical approach and qualitative methods in obtaining written sources consisting of primary sources and secondary sources. The results of this paper found that there are four policies implemented to control the Sulu Sea, which are economic control policies (to connect the South China Sea-Sulu Sea), expanding the trading area, an economic agenda based on marine resources and robbery and slave hunting activities. All these policies show the character of the government that prioritizes the maritime economy compared to the land economy. What determines the success of the Sultanate of Sulu in controlling the economy of the Sulu Sea is actually due to this policy and character so that it is known as an influential and respected maritime kingdom in the Malay region.
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