Optimising Breastfeeding with Functional Foods: A Mini Review

Abstract

Breastfeeding is crucial for infant growth, development, and protection against infections, while also reducing the risk of chronic diseases. However, many infants still do not receive adequate breastfeeding. Lactating mothers also face increased energy and nutrient needs, requiring minerals like calcium, iron, zinc, iodine, and vitamins A, D, B9, B12, and C to maintain their health and support infant nutrition, on top of the required macronutrients. Functional foods, which provide essential nutrients and health benefits, can enhance breast milk production and maternal health. This article explores the role of plant-based foods, whole grains, omega-3 fatty acids, and prebiotics and probiotics as complementary dietary strategies for lactating mothers. Furthermore, the gut-mammary axis highlighting the link between maternal diet, gut health, and breast milk composition are also discussed.