Artificial Intelligence Policy

1. Introduction

The Borneo International Journal of Education (BIJE) recognises the growing role of artificial intelligence (AI), including generative AI and large language models (LLMs), in supporting academic research and scholarly writing. Such technologies may assist researchers in improving language, organising information, managing references, analysing data, and enhancing the efficiency of research and publication processes.

However, AI tools cannot replace human intellectual contribution, critical thinking, scholarly judgment, or authorial responsibility. This policy provides guidance for authors, reviewers, and editors on the responsible, transparent, and ethical use of AI in manuscripts submitted to BIJE.

2. Permitted Use of AI

Authors may use AI-assisted tools to support appropriate aspects of manuscript preparation, including:

  • language editing, grammar checking, proofreading, and improving readability;

  • reference organisation and formatting;

  • similarity or plagiarism checking;

  • supporting data processing, analysis, or presentation, where appropriate; and

  • assisting with the organisation or refinement of scholarly information.

The use of AI must remain under meaningful human oversight, and authors are responsible for verifying the accuracy and appropriateness of all AI-assisted outputs.

3. Unacceptable Use of AI

AI tools should not replace the authors' original intellectual and scholarly contribution. In particular, AI must not be used to:

  • generate substantive research content without appropriate human intellectual input and verification;

  • fabricate, falsify, manipulate, or misrepresent research data, findings, references, or evidence;

  • create false or unverifiable citations and sources;

  • conceal plagiarism or other forms of academic misconduct; or

  • engage in practices that compromise research integrity or publication ethics.

AI tools or systems cannot be listed as authors or co-authors, as authorship requires accountability and responsibilities that can only be assumed by human authors.

4. Transparency and Author Responsibility

Authors who use generative AI or other AI-assisted technologies in preparing their manuscript should disclose their use where it has materially contributed to the work. The disclosure should identify the tool used and briefly describe its purpose, where appropriate.

Authors remain fully responsible for the originality, accuracy, validity, citations, interpretation, and integrity of all content submitted to BIJE. Any AI-generated or AI-assisted material must therefore be carefully reviewed and verified before submission.

5. Ethical Considerations

The use of AI must comply with established principles of research ethics, academic integrity, copyright, confidentiality, and intellectual property. Authors should not enter confidential, sensitive, copyrighted, or personally identifiable research information into AI systems where doing so may compromise privacy, confidentiality, or legal obligations.

Any inappropriate use of AI that results in plagiarism, fabricated information, misleading content, copyright infringement, or other forms of research misconduct may be addressed under BIJE's publication ethics and research integrity policies.

6. Editorial and Peer Review

All manuscripts submitted to BIJE, whether AI-assisted or not, are subject to the same editorial assessment and double-blind peer-review process. Manuscripts will be evaluated on their originality, scholarly quality, methodological rigour, relevance, and compliance with ethical and publication standards.

Reviewers and editors are also expected to exercise appropriate caution when using AI tools, particularly in relation to the confidentiality of unpublished manuscripts and peer-review materials.

7. Review of the Policy

BIJE may periodically review and update this policy in response to developments in artificial intelligence, scholarly publishing practices, and internationally recognised publication ethics standards.

8. Contact

For questions or clarification regarding the use of artificial intelligence in manuscripts submitted to BIJE, authors may contact the Editorial Team of the Borneo International Journal of Education (BIJE) through the journal's official contact information.